高速铁路、运输效率与垂直专业化分工

High-speed Railway, Transportation Efficiency and Vertical Disintegration

高铁开通可以通过"客货分流",改善常规铁路的货物运输效率,因此有可能通过降低交易成本影响企业的垂直专业化分工程度。将2003年秦沈客运专线开通视为一项自然实验,我们发现高铁开通使常规铁路附近的企业垂直专业化水平显著提高了3%—4%。为了识别其中的因果关系,本文利用三重差分模型发现高铁的开通主要导致了依赖铁路运输的企业垂直专业化水平上升。异质性分析中,我们还发现,高铁开通对运输成本较高的企业和非国企的影响更大。

Since high-speed railways(HSRs) are dedicated rails built for carrying passengers, it can improve capacity of cargo transportation on conventional rails,which could affect firms’ vertical specialization. In this study, we find that the HSR has significantly increased firms’ vertical disintegration by 3%—4%. Furthermore, we perform a triple difference estimation and find that the HSRs mainly increase vertical specialization of firms relying more heavily on railways transportation. Moreover, we also find that the firms in private sector as well as firms in industries with higher transportation costs experience larger improvement of vertical specialization after the opening of the HSR.