警务注意力分布及价值变迁:基于1950年以来南京公安绩效考核文本的分析

The Distribution of Police Attention Allocation and Values Change:Based on the Text Analysis of Nanjing Public Security Performance Evaluation Documents since 1950

本文通过对1950年以来南京公安绩效考核政策文本进行类型和内容分析,将警务绩效的发展划分为五个历史阶段,并根据每个阶段的特点梳理了警务工作呈现的注意力分布变化,整体上从承担政治色彩浓厚的巩固政权和维持秩序的任务,到改革开放之后走向专业化和社会参与治安治理,同时管理科学中的岗位责任制和目标管理被广泛使用;随着城市和社区的发展,社区警务和基层社会治安成为新的重心,而信息化时代的警务面临公共舆情和维护稳定的双重压力,职责范围进一步扩大,直至治理效能被提到国家战略高度,综合性的警务效能提升成为公安未来一个时期的目标,包括警民互动和公共关系。这一注意力变化过程反映了公安警务从国家性价值到市场性价值,再到组织性价值,最后向公共性价值取向的变迁,公安部门从关注部门外环境相关的价值逐渐转向部门本身的职责和使命,并逐渐以与公众相关的价值为导向。

Based on the analysis of the types and contents of Nanjing police performance evaluation policies since 1950,this paper divides the development of policing performance into five historical periods,and sorts out the changes of attention allocation in policing work according to the characteristics of each stage.From undertaking the task of consolidating political power and maintaining order with strong political function,to professionalism after the Opening-up Reform,and with the urbanization and development of communities,community policing and social security was treated more importantly.In the digitalized age,policing is facing the dual pressure of public opinion and extensive task of maintaining political stability,meanwhile,the scope of responsibility is further expanded until the governance efficacy is emphasized highly by the state,comprehensive improvement of police efficiency will become the goal of public security department in the near future,including police public relations.This change of attention allocation reflects the change of policing from the state value to the market value,then to the organizational value,and finally to the public value orientation.The public security department gradually turns from the value related to the external environment of the Department to the responsibility and mission of the Department itself,and gradually treat the values related to the public with high importance.