高程度义“X+得+厉害”构式研究

Construction of the Pattern X+de+lihai

通过对北京大学语料库的统计和分析,从音节、色彩、内部成员和其主观性几个方面得出结论:“X+得+厉害”构式中X的构成特点为单音节X使用频率明显高于双音节,而带有口语色彩、消极意义、低程度性和弱主观性的词语更倾向于进入此构式。另外,从历时角度探讨了“X+得+厉害”的语法化进程,“X+得+厉害”构式是由“X+得+利害”构式演化而来,“利害”失去语用焦点、词义虚化、语音弱化、X对“利害”隐含的“不如意”的激活和X的泛化,共同推动“X+得+利害”构式义的强化和巩固,同时“X+得+厉害”的高频使用最终促使其替代了同义异形的“X+得+利害”构式。

The pattern X+de+lihai(lihai is a word of degree)is used more frequently when X is a monosyllable which mainly includes words of informality,negativity,low degree and low subjectivity.It is studied from the perspective of syllable,emotional coloring,components and subjectivity based on the data of Beijing University Corpus and the principles of construction grammar.The process of grammaticalization of this pattern is studied diachronically.It gradually takes place of the original pattern,X+de+lihai(lihai literally refers to advantages and disadvantages)due to the loss of pragmatic focus,ellipsis of meaning,phonetic weakening,strengthening of negativity and generalization in the choice of X.