苏州市中小学生近视的影响因素分析

Influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou

目的分析苏州市中小学生近视的影响因素,为防制学生近视提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取苏州市小学(四至六年级)、初中和高中学生为调查对象,通过《国家学生常见病和健康影响因素监测方案》问卷收集学生性别、学段、父母近视史、户外活动时间和视屏时间等资料,睫状肌麻痹下进行裸眼远视力检查和屈光检测,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析近视的影响因素。结果共发放问卷990份,回收有效问卷882份,回收有效率为89.09%。近视690人,近视检出率为78.23%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女生(OR=1.703,95%CI:1.173~2.474)、初中和高中学段(OR:5.597~11.949,95%CI:3.573~28.349)、父母均近视(OR=2.445,95%CI:1.597~3.742)和视屏时间≥3 h/d(OR=2.026,95%CI:1.235~3.325)是中小学生近视的危险因素;户外活动时间≥2 h/d(OR:0.493~0.510,95%CI:0.273~0.943)是中小学生近视的保护因素。结论苏州市中小学生近视检出率为78.23%,性别、学段、父母近视史、户外活动时间和视屏时间是近视的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou,so as to provide basis for myopia prevention and control.Methods The students in Grade 4-12 were recruited by stratified cluster random sampling method.Gender,grade,parents’myopia history,outdoor activity time and video display terminal time were collected through the questionnaire of National Surveillance Program of Influencing Factors for Common Diseases and Health in Students.Uncorrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction were tested.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to explore myopia-related factors.Results A total of 990 questionnaires were distributed,and 882 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective rate of 89.09%.The prevalence rate of myopia was 78.23%(690 cases).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females(OR=1.703,95%CI:1.173-2.474),middle school students(OR:5.597-11.949,95%CI:3.573-28.349),both parents’myopia(OR=2.445,95%CI:1.597-3.742),video display terminal time over 3 hours per day(OR=2.026,95%CI:1.235-3.325)were risk factors for myopia;outdoor activity time over 2 hours per day(OR:0.493-0.510,95%CI:0.273-0.943)was a protective factor for myopia.Conclusion The prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in Suzhou is 78.23%.Gender,grade,parents’myopia history,outdoor activity time and video display terminal time are influencing factors for myopia.