中外权力制约监督研究:述评与展望

A Review of Power Restriction Studies from Chinese and Foreign Perspectives

权力制约与监督是公权力研究的核心议题。由于体制类型及发展情况的不同,国内外对权力制约监督理论的探索路径也呈现显著差异。在国外,研究多集中于体制反思,如对三权分立体制运行及其模式扩散的反思、对行政权的扩大与对行政权制约的反思以及对传统议会模式的反思等。与此不同,国内研究多集中于体制建构,在对权力制约监督基本原理探索的基础上,试图在政党建设、腐败治理、法治建设与民主政治发展等维度上构建权力制约监督机制。然而,从一般性理论体系的构建与发展来看,对权力制约监督的研究未来还需要在四个方面持续推进:权力制约监督体制差异的形成逻辑、“制约”与“监督”对组织性质与组织规模的适应性问题、“制约”与“监督”程度测量工具与体系的开发以及对中国传统社会权力制约监督思想的挖掘和应用等。

Power check and balance is the core issue in the study of public power.Due to the different types of regimes and development stages,the theoretical exploration paths also show significant differences both at home and abroad.In foreign countries,the research focuses on institutional reflection,such as reflection on separation of powers and its model diffusion,reflection on expansion of administrative power and its constraints,and reflection on the parliamentary model.Different from above,domestic research mostly focuses on institutional construction.On the basis of exploring the basic principles of power restriction,people try to design mechanisms in the aspects of party construction,corruption governance,rule of law construction and democratic development.However,in perspective of the construction and development of the general theoretical system of power constraints,the future research needs to be promoted in four aspects:the logic of power restriction differences,the adaptability of“check and balance”and“supervision”to different organizations,the development of measurement tools and systems for the degrees of“check and balance”and“supervision”,and excavation and application of Chinese traditional power restriction thoughts etc.