喷施不同钙肥对桃生长发育和果实品质的影响

Effects of Spraying Different Calcium Fertilizers on Developmental Growth and Fruit Quality of Peach

[目的]研究4种钙肥对2个桃品种生长发育、矿质元素含量、果实品质、裂果率和贮藏期间病害的影响。[方法]以“早露蟠桃”和“源东白桃”为材料,在果实幼果期、硬核期和成熟前期,分别用170 mg/L康朴液钙、果蔬钙、硝酸钙、硝酸钙+GA 34种钙肥喷施叶子和果实,用活体叶绿素仪SPAD-502测量叶片SPAD值;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测量果实和叶片中Ca、K和P含量;成熟时,统计2个品种果实裂果以及储藏期间果实品质变化。[结果]2个品种在不同生长时期,喷施4种钙肥均提高叶片SPAD值,其中康朴液钙效果较好;喷施不同钙肥均提高叶片和果实钙含量,其中以幼果期喷施效果最明显;“早露蟠桃”成熟时果蔬钙处理裂果率最低;不同钙肥均提高果实横径,降低贮藏期间果实腐烂。[结论]不同钙肥处理对桃树不同品种内在生理产生不同作用,影响果实品质以及储藏性。揭示钙与桃果实品质以及采后储藏相关。

[Objective]To study the effects of four calcium fertilizers on the growth development,mineral element content,fruit quality,fruit cracking rate and diseases during storage of two peach varieties.[Method]Using Zaolu flat peach and Yuandong white peach as materials,they were sprayed with four foliar fertilizers,i.e.170 mg/L compo calcium(CPC),sugar alcohol calcium(SAC),calcium nitrate[Ca(NO 3)2],calcium nitrate+gibberellin[Ca(NO 3)2+GA 3],respectively,at the young,core-hardening and premature stage of the fruit development.The SPAD value of leaves was measured with the chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 in vivo.The content of Ca,K and P in fruits and leaves were measured with the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer(ICP-AES);the cracking perfermance of the two varieties was investigated during ripping stage and the percentage of deterioration of the fruits was calculated during storage.[Result]Spraying four calcium fertilizers all increased the SPAD value of peach leaves at different growth stages,and among which CPC works better than others;spraying calcium fertilizers all increased calcium content in the leaves and fruits.The effect was the most obvious when spraying at the young fruit period;the SAC treatment had the lowest rate of fruit cracking;different calcium fertilizers all increased the fruit’s transverse length and slowed down the fruit rot during storage.[Conclusion]Due to the differences in varieties,different calcium fertilizer treatments have different effects on the intrinsic physiology of peach trees,affecting fruit quality and storage.It reveals that the content of calcium is positively correlative to the fruit quality and postharvest storage.