正当防卫之证明责任分配的现状成因及问题规制——以丽江冷兰案再审为切入

The Status Quo Causes and Problem Regulations of Burden of Proof Distribution in Justifiable Defense:Based on the Retrial of Lenglan Case

正当防卫之证明责任分配的法律空白在实践中频频以个案的方式原形毕露,彰显出我国相关理论和制度建设的不足。在正当防卫案件中,其现状主要表现为“同案不同判”和正当防卫事由的证明责任被习惯性地分配给辩护方,而现行规范付之阙如、犯罪构成体系多样态、刑事审判模式之缺陷和“唯结果论”误区是致使刑事诉讼中两造证明责任分配混乱和证明标准不一的主要成因。对此,基于上述现状成因的管窥和反思,我国正当防卫事由的证明责任分配应当区分提证责任和说服责任、抉择犯罪构成理论、明确司法官的义务和职能以及进行“唯结果论”纠偏,从而实现刑事证明责任分配制度在正当防卫事由上的规范适用。

In practice,the legal gaps in the distribution of burden of proof in justifiable defense frequently re⁃veal themselves in the form of individual cases,which shows the inadequacy of relevant theories and system construc⁃tion in China.In the justifiable defence case,and its current situation mainly for“different connection with the sen⁃tence”and justifiable defense for the burden of proof is habitually assigned to the defence,pay the rights,the crime constitution system and the current specification diverse state,the defects of criminal trial mode and the theo⁃ry of only the myth is that both sides in the criminal procedure proof responsibility distribution chaos and prove that the causes of different criteria.Reality,based on the above observation and reflection,justifiable defense in China for distribution of burden of proof should distinguish the responsibility and burden of persuasion,choice crime constitu⁃tion theory,sheriff clear the duties and functions as well as only the result of rectification,so as to realize the crim⁃inal proof responsibility distribution system on the justifiable defense reason specification applies.