徽州、淮北的人口流动与文化传播

Population Flow and Cultural Communication in Huizhou and Huaibei

作为化外之地的古徽州,因北方长期战乱,引发北人多次南迁,中原世家大族有的徙居徽州,子孙繁衍,聚族而居,徽州也直接继承了中原文明。淮北在北人南下中起了桥梁和中转站的作用,当然也不乏北人留居淮北等。明初政府对淮北凤阳府实行大规模人口迁移政策,晚清太平天国战乱,江南人大量逃亡淮北等地区。这样,淮北成了外来人口杂居的社会。徽州社会长期相对安宁,经济富庶,文化昌荣,文化特色独树一帜。淮北在北宋及之前,虽有北人南下,但自然和人文环境总体尚好,文化名人也层出叠现,对中国文化影响深远。自黄河夺淮入海和金兵犯淮,淮北文化开始凋零荒芜;明初江浙文人的大批迁淮,又使得淮泗文化稍有复苏;至晚清文化持续凋零。

Due to the long-term war in the north,migration of northerners to the south occurred many times in history.Some of the aristocratic families in the Central Plains moved to Huizhou and lived there together,so Huizhou directly inherited the civilization of the Central Plains.Huaibei acted as the bridge and transfer station when northerners went south.In the early Ming Dynasty,the government implemented a policy of large-scale population migration.In the late Qing Dynasty,the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom caused great chaos,forcing a number of Jiangnan people to flee to Huaibei and other areas.In this way,Huaibei became a society where immigrants lived together.Huizhou was relatively peaceful for a long time,when its economy and culture became prosperous.Before the Northern Song Dynasty,although some northerners went to the south,the natural and cultural environment of Huaibei was generally good,and cultural celebrities emerged in an endless stream,which had a far-reaching influence on Chinese culture.Since the Yellow River began to run into the sea through the course of the Huaihe River and the Jin soldiers invaded the Huaihe River area,the Huaibei culture began to wither.In the early Ming Dynasty,Jiangsu and Zhejiang literati moved to Huaihe,which made Huaisi culture recover to a lesser extent.In the late Qing Dynasty,this culture continued to wither,wars continued,and criminals were everywhere.However,due to social unrest and immigration,Huaibei culture presented the characteristics of diversity,unlike Huizhou culture,which remained unchanged ever since it was established.