环境公益诉讼中赔礼道歉的适用及其限制

Application and Limitation of Apology in Environmental Public Interest Litigation

司法者通过阐释公共利益的精神属性,将赔礼道歉引入环境公益诉讼。环境公益诉讼和普通环境侵权案件的特点不同,赔礼道歉在两类诉讼中的适用条件必然也不同。赔礼道歉请求主体为检察机关或专业组织,以造成严重损害后果为要件并且要求环境破坏者存在过错。赔礼道歉请求的当然化有损规范体系的自洽。鉴于赔礼道歉强制执行会引发与言论自由的冲突,所以,赔礼道歉适用时应坚持比例原则。赔礼道歉的功能限度亦构成适用边界。

By explaining the spiritual attribute of public interest,the judiciary introduces apology into environmental public interest litigation.The characteristics of environmental public interest litigation and ordinary environmental tort cases are different,so the application conditions of apology in the two kinds of litigation must be different.The main body of apology request is procuratorial organ or professional organization,which takes causing serious damage consequences as the element and requires the environmental destroyer to have fault.The naturalization of apology request is harmful to the self-consistency of the normative system.In view of the conflict between compulsory execution of apology and freedom of speech,we should adhere to the principle of proportionality while applying apology.The functional limits of apology also constitute the applicable boundary.