赫哲族“伊玛堪”和阿伊努族“优卡拉”的比较研究

A Comparative Study of“Yimakan”of Hezhe Nationality and“Youkala”of Ainu Nationality

赫哲族和阿伊努族均是东北亚地区少数民族,“伊玛堪”和“优卡拉”属二者的口传文学。在类型上,二者不具有相似性;在内容上,虽都表现出神灵崇拜,但差异性大于相似性。差异主要表现在神化程度和叙事内容的不同,原因是二者的地域环境、民族传统、历史发展以及文本形成时代都不尽相同。伊玛堪多宗教叙事话语,优卡拉多民族叙事话语,前者的艺术性高于后者。未发现两种文学相互交流影响的痕迹。

Hezhen and Ainu are minorities in Northeast Asia,where“Yimakan”and“Youkala”are their oral literature respectively.In terms of type,the two have no similarity;in terms of content,although they all reflect the worship of gods,the differences are more than the similarities.The differences are manifested in the degree of deification and the narratives,because of the geographical environment,national tradition,historical development and the times of text formation.Yimakan is more of a religious narrative,while Youkala an ethnic narrative;the former is better than the latter in literary artistry.Furthermore,no trace of the interaction between the two is found.