生态理念下对虾健康养殖发展建议

Suggestions on the development of healthy shrimp culture under ecological framework

随着对虾产业的不断壮大,对虾类水产养殖过程中疾病频发、水环境污染等问题日益突出,其品种和养殖模式的多样化使得这一矛盾更加难以解决。本文回顾了中国对虾产业50年发展过程中的疾病伴生史,并从生态学视角重新审视了对虾病原体的发生、进化以及与对虾免疫系统的关系,进而提出避免药物滥用、防重于治、注重对虾选育工作、基于生态系统方法开展对虾养殖工作等建议,以期将来人们能够更加重视生态系统健康,把One Health理念应用到水产养殖的生产实践中,真正实现对虾养殖的健康可持续发展。

With the development of shrimp aquaculture,the frequent occurrence of diseases and water pollution are becoming increasingly prominent.This contradiction is made more difficult by the diversification of shrimp species and aquaculture systems.We reviewed the history of diseases associated with the development of shrimp industry in China during the past 50 years,and re-examined the occurrence and evolution of shrimp pathogens and their relationships with the immune systems of shrimps from an ecological perspective.Some suggestions were put forward,such as avoiding drug abuse,giving prominence to prevention prior to control,paying attention to shrimp breeding,and carrying out shrimp culture in an ecosystem approach.In the future,we should pay more attention to ecosystem health and apply the concept of‘One Health’to shrimp aquaculture,with the aim to realize the healthy and sustainable aquaculture.