美国大学治理的社会参与机制及其启示

The Social Participation Mechanism of American University Governance and Its Enlightenment

社会参与力量在美国的大学治理体制中普遍存在,它与政府和学校交织在一起,共同组成"政府—学校—社会"三分结构的大学治理框架。基于美国伯克利大学的典型案例,分析高校治理中的社会参与机制,通过微观和宏观多方位角度探究美国大学治理中社会参与机制的历史背景、发展过程、实施途径等问题。美国大学治理社会参与机制对我国的启示是:大力扶植社会参与组织的发展,加快董事会的建立与发展;政府对社会参与组织给予保障,加强制度建设;完善信息公开制度,拓宽社会参与的渠道选择;建立健全社会参与高校管理运行机制,突破社会参与路径依赖。

Social participation force is ubiquitous in the university governance system of the United States. It is interwoven with the government and schools,and form the university governance framework of"government-school-society"tripartite structure. Based on the typical case of the University of California-Berkeley in the United States,this paper analyzes the social participation mechanism in university governance,explores the historical background,development process,implementation approaches and other issues of social participation mechanism in University governance in the United States from both micro and macro perspectives. The enlightenment of social participation mechanism of American university governance is:vigorously support the development of social participation organizations,accelerate the establishment and development of the board of directors;the government guarantees social participation organizations and strengthens system construction;improve the information disclosure system and broaden the channels for social participation. Furthermore,the effort needs to establish and improve the management and operation mechanism of social participation and break through the path dependence of social participation.