短距离场地自行车优秀运动员专项体能特征研究

On the Special Physical Characteristics of Excellent Bicycle Athletes in Short Distance

运用文献资料法和实地调查法等研究方法,分析了短距离场地自行车运动的体能特征。结果表明:短距离场地自行车运动属于以无氧供能为主的竞速性项目,主要依靠无氧糖酵解与磷酸原供能;增加瘦体重对提高短距离自行车运动员专项成绩具有积极的作用,项目专项力量以下肢爆发力、力量耐力、蹬踏快速力量为主;速度素质以反应能力、加速度能力、速度耐力和冲刺能力为主。此外,还可以通过发展一般力量、柔韧、协调性来提高动作技术的整体效果。

In this paper,the physical characteristics of short distance track race cycling events were analyzed by means of literature and field investigation.The results showed that short distance cycling is a speed race with anaerobic energy supply.Anaerobic glycolysis and ATP-CP energy supply are the main energy supply systems in short-distance cycling,and lean mass plays a positive role in improving the special performance of short-distance cyclists.Speed quality is based on reaction ability,adding speed ability,speed endurance and sprint ability.In addition,the overall effect of action technology can be improved by developing general strength,flexibility and coordination.