论第四次工业革命背景下的本科教育变革与创新

A Research on Undergraduate Education Reforms in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

本文以第四次工业革命为背景,深入分析了新技术和社会发展对高等教育的影响、未来对人才的需求,以及国外一流高校在本科教育改革方面的创新实践。面对新技术革命带来的挑战,国外本科教育理念、目标、形式、内容和评价方式都发生了变化,更加注重以学生为中心,强调能力的培养、通识教育、交叉学科培养以及利用新技术改革教学。这些对我国本科教育的发展与改革提供了重要启示:一是转变理念,构建“面向未来的、以学习者为中心的”本科教育体系;二是从过去以知识为中心的教学向重视学生能力培养转变;三是反思教师的角色,重新思考教育教学方式;四是以更加开放的姿态迎接新技术,借助新兴技术优化教学手段,通过教学改革促进学习革命;五是转变学校政策与文化,创造协作、创新、变革的生态环境。

Against the backdrop of the fourth industrial revolution,this paper analyzes the impact of new technology and social development on higher education,the demand of human resources in the future,and the innovation of world-class universities.Facing the changes brought by the new technology revolution,the higher education overseas have evolved its ideas,objectives,paradigms,contents and assessment methods,with which students-centered concept,skill development,general education and interdisciplinary learning are reinforced and new technology based teaching reforms are widely explored.All these provide important implication for Chinese higher education:1)changing the old concepts and constructing a student-centered undergraduate education system;2)teaching knowledge transmission to the one shifting the central paradigm of teaching from imparting knowledge to ability cultivation;3)constructive reflection on the role of teachers and the teaching mode evolvement;4)embracing and employing new technologies to lead a revolution of study through reforms in teaching;5)advancing the policy and culture of universities and creating a collaborative,innovative and changing education system.