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2017年新疆南疆地区7月龄~4岁儿童乙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查结果分析 被引量:4

Seroepidemiological Survey of Hepatitis B Among Children Aged 7 Months to 4 Years in Southern District of Xinjiang in 2017
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摘要 目的了解新疆南疆地区儿童乙肝病毒(HBV)感染情况和免疫状况,评价免疫接种效果,为儿童乙肝防控提供依据。方法 2017年收集南疆地区县级及以上综合医院非肝炎原因就诊的7月龄~4岁1 200例儿童血清。用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法检测乙肝病毒感染血清标志物,率之间的比较采用χ^(2)检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果新疆南疆地区7月龄~4岁儿童乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性率为0.58%(标化阳性率0.50%),乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)阳性率为65.42%(标化阳性率65.06%),乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)阳性率为0.92%(标化阳性率0.78%),HBV感染率为1.33%(标化阳性率1.14%)。各地区的HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.249,P<0.05),喀什地区最高(2.28%)。各地区的抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=52.143,P<0.05),巴州最高(76.49%),喀什地区最低(52.09%)。抗-HBs阳性率有随免疫次数增大而逐渐增高的趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=312.577,P<0.05),≥3剂次免疫史人群的最高(74.69%)。不同免疫次数的抗-HBc阳性率和HBV感染率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),无免疫史人群的最高(均为50.00%)。结论南疆地区儿童HBV感染率较低,实施新生儿乙肝疫苗预防接种已取得显著成效,今后需提高疫苗接种率,特别是提高24小时内新生儿首针及时接种率和全程接种率。 Objective To understand the status of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and immunization among children in southern district of Xinjiang,and evaluate the effect of immunization so as to provide the basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis B in children.Methods Serum samples of 1 200 non-hepatitis children aged 7 months to 4 years from general hospitals at county level or above in southern district of Xinjiang were collected.All participants were detected for serum makers of HBV infection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Chisquare tests were used to compare different rates,and significance level was set at the P<0.05.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,Anti-HBs,Anti-HBc and infection rate of HBV among 1 200 children were 0.58%,65.42%,0.92%,and 1.33%,respectively.The standardized rates of HBsAg,Anti-HBs,Anti-HBc and infection rate of HBV were 0.50%,65.06%,0.78%,and 1.14%,respectively.The differences of positive rates of HBsAg among different areas were statistical significant(χ^(2)=17.249,P<0.05);noticeably,the positive rate of HBsAg in Kashi area was the highest(2.28%).There were significant statistical differences of positive rates of anti-HBs among different areas(χ^(2)=52.143,P <0.05);notably,the positive rate of anti-HBs in Bazhou area was the highest(76.49%) and in Kashi area was the lowest(52.09%).The positive rate of anti-HBs increased with the increase of the times of immunization(χ^(2)=312.577,P<0.05).The positive rate of antiHBs in population with more than 3 doses of immunization history was the highes t(74.69%).Significant differences of positive rates of anti-HBc and infection rates of HBV among different immunization times were observed(P<0.05).The positive rate of anti-HBc and infection rate of HBV in children with no immunization history was the highest(50.00%).Conclusion The infection rate of HBV among children is low in southern district of Xinjiang.Great achievement had been made in hepatitis B prevention and control through the implementation of newborn Hepatitis B vaccine vaccination.Future work is needed to improve the vaccination rate,especially to improve the first injection rate of newborns within 24 hours and full coverage rate.
作者 关静 马超 谢娜 GUAN Jing;MA Chao;XIE Na(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Immunization Program Department,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,National Immunization Program,Beijing 102206,China)
出处 《预防医学情报杂志》 CAS 2021年第3期351-355,共5页 Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
基金 中国肝炎防治基金会-中国乙肝防控科研基金(项目编号:YGFK20170039)。
关键词 儿童 乙型病毒性肝炎 血清流行病学调查 children Hepatitis B virus seroepidemiological survey
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