基于结构方程探讨初中学生学习和生活特征对其心理健康影响的路径研究

A Path Research on the Influence of Living and Study Characteristics of Junior Middle School Students on Their Psychological Health Based on Structural Equation

目的研究初中生心理健康状况,探讨学习和生活特征对初中生心理健康的影响及作用机制,为改善初中生心理健康水平提供可行的建议和策略。方法以成都市8所中学的初中生为研究对象,采用自编的问卷进行调查。采用t检验、方差分析和结构方程模型探索初中生心理健康的影响因素及机制。检验水准α均选用双侧0.05水平。结果本次共调查3 623名成都市初中生。领悟社会支持评分为(61.96±17.36)分,自尊评分为(28.30±4.61)分,生活满意度评分为(16.08±4.41)分,社交焦虑评分为(9.82±4.94)分,孤独感评分为(15.41±4.76)分,抑郁症状评分为(16.12±10.49)分。单因素结果分析表明:女生、初一年级、走读、独生子女的积极心理学评分更高。结构方程模型结果显示,学习情况与焦虑和抑郁水平存在正性关系(焦虑:β=0.150,抑郁:β=0.111),与自尊存在直接效应(β=-0.118);生活质量与抑郁水平存在负性关系(β=-0.672),与焦虑存在负性关系(β=-0.281),存在直接和间接效应,与自尊存在直接效应(β=0.566);上网情况与焦虑存在直接效应(β=0.111),与抑郁水平存在间接效应(β=0.012)。结论生活质量、学习情况、上网情况都对初中生的心理健康产生直接和间接影响,可通过改善亲子关系和同伴关系增加自尊,降低学习压力,减少焦虑从而降低抑郁症状。

Objective To investigate the situation of psychological health of junior middle school students,and discuss the influence of living and study characteristics of junior middle school students on their psychological health and the mechanism,in order to put forward reasonable suggestions and interventions on improve the mental health of them.Methods The students studying in eight middle schools in Chengdu were selected as subjects and surveyed by the selfmade questionnaire.T test,variance analysis and structural equation modeling(SEM) were applied to explore the influencing factors and mechanism of psychological health of junior middle school students.Results A total of 3 623 junior middle school students were enrolled in this study.Among the participants,the score of social support was 61.79 ± 4.41,self-esteem was 28.30 ± 4.61,satisfaction with life was 16.08±4.41,anxiety was 9.82±4.94,sense of loneliness was 15.41±4.76,and depression symptoms was 16.12 ± 10.49.Univariate analysis indicated that girls,first grade students,students living at home and the only child got higher welling-being scores.SEM results showed that study situation positively predicted the level of anxiety and depression(anxiety:β=0.150,depression:β=0.111),had direct effect on self-esteem(β=-0.118).Living quality had negative effect on depression and anxiety(depression:β=-0.672,anxiety:β=-0.281),both directly and indirectly,and had direct effect on self-esteem(β=0.566).Internet usage showed direct effect on anxiety(β=0.111) and indirect effect on depression(β=0.012).Conclusion Life quality,study situation and Internet usage all have direct and indirect effect on psychological health of junior middle school students.Good peer relationship and parent-child relationship could promote self-esteem,relieve learning stress and reduce anxiety,thereby reducing the depression symptoms.