2019年乐山市3个监测区县6~18岁中小学生视力不良现状调查

Prevalence of Poor Eyesight Among Primary and Middle School Students Aged 6 in 18 Years in Three Monitoring Counties of Leshan City

目的了解乐山市6~18岁中小学生视力不良现状,为制定干预政策和措施提供科学依据。方法在乐山市市中区、峨眉山市、犍为县3个监测点中采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取6所小学,11所中学共17所学校中6~18岁中小学生共7 878人进行远视力检查和自动电脑验光检测。数据双录入后,运用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计分析,采用单因素χ^(2)检验及Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析视力不良流行现状。结果乐山市中小学生视力不良检出率为57.7%,近视率为46.3%,近视占视力不良分类的80.1%。城区视力不良检出率高于郊县(χ^(2)=47.882,P<0.01)。女生视力不良检出率高于男生(χ^(2)=65.297,P<0.01)。学生视力不良率及近视率均随年级升高呈上升趋势(χ趋势2=1 677.758,P<0.01)。近视率在小学一年级时最低(6.3%),视力不良率在小学二年级时最低(30.4%)。结论乐山市6~18岁中小学生近视率低于全国平均水平,但仍较高,应着力打造政府-家庭-学校-医疗防控体系,科学防控视力不良。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 years in Leshan City,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating intervention policies and measures.Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select students aged 6-18 years in 6 primary schools and 11 middle schools from three monitoring sites in Leshan City.A total of 7878 students were investigated.SPSS17.0 was used for statistical analysis.Single factor chi-square tests and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of poor eyesight.Results The prevalence rate of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students was 57.7 % in Leshan City.The myopia rate was 46.3%,accounting for 80.1% of the classification of poor eyesight.The rate of poor eyesight in urban areas was higher than that in suburban counties(χ^(2)=47.882,P<0.001).The rate of poor eyesight in female students was higher than that in male students(χ^(2)=65.297,P <0.001).The rate of poor eyesight and myopia increased with the grade(Cochran-Annitage χ^(2)=1677.758,P<0.001).Myopia rate was lowest in the grade one of primary school(6.3%).The rate of poor eyesight was the lowest in the grade two of primary school(30.4%).Conclusion The myopia rate of primary and secondary school students aged 6-18 years is lower than the national average in Leshan City,but it still cannot be ignored.The government,family,school and medical prevention and control system should be established to prevent and control poor eyesight scientifically.