高校教学楼火灾与人员疏散模拟研究

Simulation of fire and evacuation in university teaching buildings

为提高在用高校教学楼的疏散效率,降低火灾风险,本文应用Pyrosim和FDS进行建模和火灾数值模拟,对温度、有毒有害气体、能见度进行分析确定ASET;同时通过Pathfinder进行疏散模拟,确定所需疏散时间并分析疏散过程中的拥堵问题,在安全出口的开放状态、数量、宽度、疏散路线等4个方面进行改进,进行二次模拟后利用Origin处理结果进行比较,根据安全疏散准则进行判断与讨论。结果表明:该教学楼原有安全出口能避免大量人员伤亡,但不能保证所有人员的安全疏散;对于长廊式的多层教学楼,疏散瓶颈集中于疏散走廊和楼梯处而非出口处,新增合适位置的出口相比增加通道宽度更有效,规划合理的疏散路线可明显缓解高层走廊的疏散压力,二者协同作用可以完全保证人员的安全疏散。

In order to improve the evacuation efficiency of the teaching building,reduce the risk of fire injury,this paper carries out modeling and fire simulation based on Pyrosim and FDS.Available Safety Egress Time is determined by analyzing the influence of temperature,toxic and harmful gases,visibility,etc.Required Safe Egress Time is also determined through evacuation simulation based on Pathfinder.The congestion during the evacuation is analyzed.By improving the evacuation situation,including the open state,number,width of egresses,and evacuation route,the simulations are conducted again,and the results are processed by Origin and compared,and discussed according to the judgment criteria of safe evacuation.The results show that opening all exits can avoid large casualties,but cannot ensure safety evacuation;for the multi-storey teaching building with long corridor,the pedestrian congestion concentrate in the corridor and stairs rather than the exit,adding an outlet in the right place is more efficient than widen egress;planning reasonable evacuation route can significantly relieve the evacuation pressure of the corridor upper floors and two measures working together can fully ensure safety evacuation.