中国590份大豆种质资源对炭疽病的抗性鉴定及评价

Assessment on Anthracnose-resistance of 590 Soybean Cultivars in China

【目的】开展大豆品种炭疽病抗性鉴定,为筛选抗病品种和抗病育种提供科学依据。【方法】采用人工接种法鉴定了2011—2019年共590份大豆品种(系)对炭疽病的抗病性。【结果】鉴定出高抗品种(HR)、抗病品种(R)、中抗品种(MR)、中感品种(MS)、感病品种(S)和高感品种(HS)的数量分别为0、70、143、219、148和10份,比率分别为0、11.86%、24.24%、37.12%、25.08%和1.69%。不同年份间抗性品种比率(RR)范围为13.64%~68.00%,其中:2013年抗性品种的比率最高,为68.00%;其次的2012年抗性品种比率为52.00%;2016年抗性品种比率最低,为13.64%。国家热带亚热带地区春大豆组(S1)、国家热带亚热带地区夏大豆组(S2)、国家鲜食大豆春播组(S3)、国家鲜食大豆夏播组(S4)、国家长江流域春大豆组(S5)、福建省大豆新品种组(S6)和其他新品种组(S7)抗性品种的比率范围为5.89%~69.23%,其中:国家热带亚热带地区夏大豆组(S2)抗性品种比率最高,为69.23%;其次为国家鲜食大豆夏播组(S4),抗性品种比率为57.69%;国家鲜食大豆春播组(S3)抗性品种比率最低,为5.89%。【结论】鉴定结果表明,590份大豆品种(系)中,抗病和中抗品种占比为36.10%,没有对炭疽病高抗的品种;春播鲜食大豆缺乏对炭疽病抗性较好的品种。

【Objective】Anthracnose-resistance of varieties of soybean in China was assessed and classified to facilitate the breeding of resistant cultivars.【Method】From 2011 to 2019,590 varieties of domestic soybean cultivars were collected and challenged by an artificial inoculation of Colletotrichum truncatum to determine their degrees of resistance to anthracnose.【Result】The test showed 70 of the varieties belonged to the resistant(R),143 to the medium resistant(MR),219 to the medium susceptible(MS),148 to the susceptible(S),and 10 to the highly susceptible(HS)categories,representing 11.86%,24.24%,37.12%,25.08%,and 1.69%,respectively,of the entire sampled population.The overall disease resistant rate(RR)in a particular year varied from year to year, ranging from 13.64% to 68.00%, with the highest shown in 2013, followed by 52% in2012 and the lowest in 2016. The RRs of the spring varieties in the tropical and subtropical areas (S1), the summer varieties inthe tropical and subtropical areas (S2), the spring-sowing green varieties (S3), the summer-sowing green varieties (S4), thespring soybean from Yangtze river basin (S5), the new variety from Fujian (S6), and the new varieties from other regions (S7)ranked from the lowest of S3 at 5.89% to the highest of S2 at 69.23%, while S4 being the second highest at 57.69%.【Conclusion】 Out of the 590 varieties, 36.10% were only resistant or moderately resistant to anthracnose with none exhibitedhigh resistance. And, there was no spring-sowing green soybeans for fresh consumption being substantially resistant to thedisease.