马克思恩格斯“劳动”概念的逻辑理路与当代意义

The Logic and Its Contemporary Significance of the Notion of Labor by Marx and Engels

劳动在马克思主义理论中占据着重要地位。斯密揭示了劳动是价值的源泉,但他仅仅视劳动为积累财富的手段,赞美能带来资本增殖的“生产性劳动”而贬低“非生产性劳动”;黑格尔继承了斯密的劳动观,并从哲学高度提出“劳动创造人”的全新命题,但他唯一承认的劳动只是抽象的精神劳动。马克思恩格斯扬弃了斯密和黑格尔的劳动概念,把劳动与人的本质、自由和解放联系起来,通过将劳动划分为一连串成对的范畴,揭示了劳动异化的轨迹及其实质,并指出对异化劳动的积极扬弃是通向人的自由的必然环节。马克思恩格斯的“劳动”概念为打破西方社会主流的“资本叙事”提供了思想资源,为形成新时代中国特色社会主义劳动观提供了理论基础。

The notion of labor takes an important place in Marxist theory.Adam Smith revealed that labor is the source of value,however,he only regards labor as a means to accumulate wealth,praises productive labor that can bring capital proliferation and devalues nonproductive labor.Hegel inherited Smith's notion of labor,and he put forward a brand-new proposition that labor creates man from a philosophical perspective,but the only labor he admits is abstract spiritual labor.Marx and Engels discarded Smith and Hegel's notions of labor,and linked labor with human nature,freedom,and liberation.By classifying labor into a series of paired categories,they posited the trajectory and essence of labor alienation,and pointed out that the active sublation of alienated labor is an inevitable link to human freedom.Marx and Engels*notion of labor provides ideological resources for the capital narrative that breaks the mainstream of western society,and provides a theoretical basis for the formation of a socialist labor view with Chinese characteristics in the new era.