时间词汇加工中的时空隐喻效应:来自阈上/阈下加工的证据

The effect of time-space metaphor in time information processing:Evidences from supraliminal and subliminal processing

时间信息加工中时空隐喻效应获得大量实证研究的支持,但该效应是否真的存在,以及效应的激活方式和影响因素是什么,目前依然存在争论。据此,本研究使用启动搜索联合任务范式,以时间词汇为主要实验材料,通过两个实验对上述问题进行了研究。结果显示:(1)在阈上加工水平,时间词汇的加工和“左、右”、“上、下”空间方位都存在时空隐喻一致性效应;(2)在阈下加工水平,只有“过去”时间词汇的加工中存在时空隐喻一致性效应,“将来”时间词汇的加工没有发现该效应。据此,本研究认为时空隐喻效应是时间语言信息加工中一种内在的、固有的认知现象,该效应除了受到时间词汇语义信息的显著影响外,时间词汇的物理属性、习得环境、使用频率等因素都会影响到该效应的表现。

A abound of evidence proved the effect of time-space metaphor in time information processing,but many details of such a mapping from space to time,its implementation,its scope and its implications for the representation and processing of temporal information still remain unresolved.So two experiments were designed using prime-searching task to make further investigations about questions mentioned above.The results indicated that,in conditions of supraliminal processing,the spatial orientation such as"left-right"and"up-down"had strong influences on temporal lexical processing,while,in conditions of subliminal processing,the effect of time-space metaphor was only found in processing of"past",not found in"future".Thus,the paper argued that there were some inherent correlations between time and space in mental representation and the effect of time-space metaphor were influenced by many factors such as the physical property of temporal lexical,the circumstance of learning,the frequency of using,besides the semantic of lexical.