中国2012—2017年农村营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓状况

Prevalence of stunting among students under the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students during 2012-2017

目的分析2012—2017年中国中西部贫困农村营养改善计划地区学生生长迟缓状况,为促进中国贫困农村儿童的营养健康提供基础数据。方法利用2012—2017年连续6年农村义务教育学生营养改善计划监测评估中6~15岁学生的身高数据,按照《学龄儿童青少年营养不良筛查标准》(WS/T 456—2014)筛选生长迟缓,比较中西部、男女生、不同年龄段学生的生长迟缓检出率及其变迁。结果 2012—2017年,监测地区6~15岁学生的生长迟缓检出率各年份分别为8.0%,7.9%,6.9%,6.5%,6.0%和5.3%,5年间下降了2.7百分点,中部地区下降了1.8百分点,西部地区下降了4.0百分点;男生生长迟缓检出率共下降了2.7百分点,女生下降了2.9百分点;13岁下降幅度最高,为4.0百分点。结论 2012—2017年农村学生营养改善计划地区6~15岁学生生长迟缓检出率呈逐年下降趋势,但总体仍较高,且存在一定的地区差异,需要制定更有针对性的营养改善策略。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of stunting among students received subsidies of the National Nutrition Improvement Program for rural Compulsory Education Students(NNIPRCES) during 2012-2017. Methods By using the data from 2012-2017 NNIPRCES survey, students aged 6-15 with valid height records were included. Stunting was defined according to the Screening Criteria of Malnutrition for School Age Children and Adolescents(WS/T 456—2014). To explore the association of the risk of stunting between different regions, gender or age groups in rural students. Results The prevalence of stunting among students aged 6-15 who received subsidies of NNIPRCES during 2012-2017 were 8.0%, 7.9%, 6.9%, 6.5%, 6.0% and 5.3%, declined by 2.7, 1.8, 4.0 percentage points in average, as well as in central and western region, respectively. The prevalence of stunting declined with 2.7 percentage points for boys and,2.9 percentage points for girls. The prevalence of stunting declined most at the age of 13, with 4.0 percentage points. Conclusion The prevalence of stunting of students has declined after the implementation of NNIPRCES from 2012 to 2017. However, the total prevalence of stunting was still high and the development was unbalanced between central and western region, which requires more target intervening strategies to improve the nutritional status of students.