中国2012—2017年农村学生营养改善计划地区学生缺勤状况

Analysis school absenteeism in Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students area from 2012-2017

目的分析中国中西部贫困农村学生缺勤状况变化,为进一步改善农村学生营养健康水平提供基础数据。方法在中国中西部22个省699个"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"国家试点县中,在每个县按照供餐模式分层后随即抽取10%~30%的小学和初中作为监测学校,收集2012—2017年的每年3—6和9—12月学生出勤信息。结果 2012—2017年监测学校的学生总缺勤率为26.0/万,2012—2016年由30.8/万逐年下降至23.4/万,2017年又增高到28.2/万。西部地区学生缺勤率(29.4/万)高于中部地区(21.5/万),小学生病假缺勤率(15.0/万)高于初中生(13.4/万),初中生事假缺勤率(16.9/万)高于小学生(9.9/万);混合供餐学校学生缺勤率(28.5/万)高于食堂供餐学校的学生(26.4/万),后者又高于企业供餐者(25.0/万)。病假缺勤率以12月为最高(18.4/万),事假缺勤率以6月为最高(14.6/万)。结论 "农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"实施地区学生缺勤率总体呈逐年下降趋势,不同地区、学段、供餐模式及学校属地的学生缺勤率不同。

Objective To investigate the changes of school absenteeism among students received Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Student(NIPCES), and to provide basic data for further nutritional health improvement for rural students. Methods Among 699 NIPCES monitored counties among 22 provinces across western and central China, 10%-30% of elementary and junior high schools were randomly selected as monitoring schools within each stratification according to the food supply pattern(school canteen, company and mix) in each county, school absenteeism information were collected and analyzed from 2012 to 2017. Results The total rate of student absenteeism was 26.0 per 10 000. From 2012 to 2016, it dropped from 30.8 per 10 000 to 23.4 per 10 000 year by year, but it increased again in 2017(28.2 per 10 000). The rate of school absenteeism in the western region(29.4 per 10 000) was higher than that in the central region(21.5 per 10 000);The sick leave rate(15.0 per 10 000) of primary school students was higher than that of junior high school students(13.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absences(16.9 per 10 000) of junior high school students was higher than that of elementary school students(9.9 per 10 000);the absentees rate in mixed-food supply schools(28.5 per 10 000) was higher than that in canteen food supply schools(26.4 per 10 000), the latter was higher than that of company food supply schools(25.0 per 10 000). The rate of sick leave absenteeism was highest in December(18.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absenteeism in June was highest(14.6 per 10 000). Conclusion The rate of school absenteeism among students in the NIPCES area showed an overall downward trend year by year. The absentee rate of students varies by regions, grade, food supply patterns and school locations.