“倒商”“坐商”与“网商”——对中俄边境地区商人群体经商模式转型研究

Profiteer, Shopkeeper and Online Businessman——Research on the Transformation of Business Model of Merchant Groups in the Sino-Russian Border Area

中俄两国比邻而居,两国边境地区是目前我国最大的边境贸易区。黑龙江省黑河市是我国最重要的对俄贸易口岸城市之一,也是中国边境地区商人群体最主要的聚集地之一。由于中俄两国自然人文资源的差异性,产业结构的互补性以及两国在不同历史时期政治经济政策的不断变化等因素,这个地区的商人群体自20世纪80年代、90年代以来,经历了从"倒商"到"坐商"再到"网商"三种经商模式的转型。本文从微观个体层面入手,对中俄边境地区商人群体的经商过程进行历时性考察,在深入的田野调查基础上,运用社会学的理性选择理论,分析该群体经商模式转型的行动逻辑,阐释在"经济理性"和"社会理性"的共同作用下,中俄边境地区商人群体理性选择的动因和过程,从而揭示中俄边境地区商人群体的生存策略。

China and Russia are neighboring countries and the border area between the two is the largest border trade area in China. Heihe City in Heilongjiang Province is one of the most important trade ports between China and Russia, and it’s also one of the significant gathering places for businessmen in China’s border areas. Due to the difference of natural and human resources between China and Russia, the complementarity of industrial structure and the constant changes of political and economic policies in different historical periods of the two countries, the business groups in this region have experienced three stages in business model transformation from profiteer to shopkeeper, and to online businessman since the 1980 s and 1990 s. This article starts from the micro-individual level, carries on the diachronic investigation to the business operations of merchant group in the Sino-Russian border area. Based on in-depth field investigation, the paper uses the rational choice theory to analyze the action logic of merchant group’s business model transformation. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to explain the motivation and process of the rational choice and to reveal the survival strategies of the businessmen in the Sino-Russian border area under the joint action of "economic rationality" and "social rationality".