“三区三州”深度贫困地区扶贫政策效应与作用机制研究

Research on the Effect and Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation Policies in the Abject Poverty Regions of “Three Regions and Three Prefectures”

为了巩固拓展"三区三州"深度贫困地区脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接,有必要对扶贫政策效应和作用机制展开研究。本文利用"三区三州"137个国家扶贫工作重点县和所辖省内其余122个贫困县的面板数据,采用双重差分法评价扶贫政策对地区经济发展的促进效应,并以中介效应模型探究不同扶贫举措对经济发展的间接影响。研究发现,政策实施显著促进了县域经济发展,且经济基础落后的县(区)受政策冲击的影响更大,区域内少数民族自治县扶贫政策对经济促进作用强于非自治县,高海拔地区的政策效应要强于非高海拔地区和超高海拔地区。进一步分析作用机制得出,第一产业发展对"三区三州"的经济促进作用要高于第二产业,教育扶贫的促进作用低于产业扶贫的效应,金融扶贫路径在"三区三州"深度贫困地区内并没有很好地实现。政策通过精准扶贫的措施基本达到了扶贫目标,但金融水平落后是"三区三州"未来发展的困境,完善金融机制与产业发展的融合是政策部署的着力点。

In order to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation in abject poverty regions of "three regions and three prefectures"and effectively link up with the strategy of rural revitalization, this paper studies the effect and mechanism of local poverty alleviation policy.This paper uses panel data of 137 key counties of "three regions and three prefectures" and 122 poor counties in the provinces under their jurisdiction to evaluate the effect of poverty alleviation policies in abject poverty areas of "three regions and three prefectures" on regional economic development and to explore the indirect effects of different poverty alleviation measures on economic development by using intermediary effect model.This research found that the implementation of the policy has significantly promoted the development of the county economy, and the counties(districts) with weak economic foundation have more influence on the impact of the policy, and the poverty alleviation policy of minority ethnic autonomous counties in the region has a stronger effect on the economy than that of non-autonomous counties. The policy effect of high altitude areas is stronger than that of non-high altitude areas and ultra-high altitude areas. Further analysis of the mechanism of action found that the economic promotion effect of primary industry development on "three regions and three prefectures" is higher than that of secondary industry, and the promotion effect of education poverty alleviation is lower than that of industry poverty alleviation. The financial poverty alleviation path is not well realized in the abject poverty areas. The policy has basically reached the goal of poverty alleviation through the measures of targeted poverty alleviation, but the weak financial level is the dilemma of the future development of abject poverty regions, and promoting the integration of financial mechanism and industrial development is the focus of policy deployment.