韩国人口老龄化趋势、应对措施及启示

The Trend,Countermeasures and Enlightenment of ROK's Aging Population

随着人口结构变化,韩国进入老龄社会。韩国人口老龄化具有加速和高龄化趋势、区域间非同质化、男性女性老龄同步化、家庭结构老化和社会供养压力巨大等特点。导致韩国人口老龄化的主要原因是生育率持续下降、婚育观念转变和平均寿命的延长。老龄化影响经济增长,增加国家财政压力和代际负担,增加医疗护理需求和费用,以及产生老年陪伴、老年人犯罪等一系列新的社会问题。为应对人口老龄化,韩国调整人口、就业、产业和社会福利等多方面政策。韩国应对经验有成功也有失败,对中国应对人口老龄化具有借鉴和启示意义。

In the wake of structural population changes,ROK has entered into an aging society.The aging population in ROK is characterized by a trend of accelerating and advanced aging,regional non-homogeneity,synchronous aging of males and females,aging family structures and the great pressure it places on social support.The main reasons for ROK's aging population are declining fertility rates,changing attitudes toward marriage and childbirth,and rising life expectancy.The aging population affects economic growth,increases national financial pressures and intergenerational burdens,increases demand and costs for medical care,and new social problems.To cope with the aging population,ROK has adjusted population,employment,industrial and social welfare policies.ROK's coping experience has had both success and failure,both of which can be of great referential and inspirational value to China's own coping with an aging population.