百年来塔里木历史遗存的调查整理与时代特征

Investigation and Arrangement on Historical Relics of Tarim in the Past Hundred Years and Characteristics of the Times

百年来中外学术界对塔里木盆地的历史遗存进行了目的不同、范式不一的调查整理,可以将其分为三个阶段。第一阶段,从19世纪中期后以西方探险家斯文·赫定、斯坦因等为代表,成果具有初始性、随机性的特点;第二阶段,20世纪30年代开始,以中国学者为主进行的考察,有着主动性、计划性的特点,但主要是对已经发现成果的再调查整理,但也有史前遗址等新发现;第三阶段,从20世纪80年代开始,国家对塔里木地区的历史遗存进行了全面普查,出现了分门别类的区域性调查成果,体现了相对的全面性、分类性的特点。在今后的考察整理中,对于塔里木地区这样大面积、长时段、多文明的历史文化遗存,尚缺少成功的范式可以借鉴,在调查方法和研究技术上可与国外合作,提升考察研究能力。

In the past hundred years,Chinese and foreign academics have investigated and sorted out the historical relics in Tarim basin with different purposes and paradigms.The investigation and arrangement can be divided into three stages:the first stage is from the middle of the 19th century,on behalf of the western explorers Sven Hedin and Aurel Stein,and the results feature in being initial and random;at the second stage,starting from the 1930s,the investigation mainly carried out by Chinese scholars has the characteristics of being initiative and planning,but it is mainly the re-investigation and arrangement of the discovered results,although there are other new discoveries of prehistoric sites;at the third stage,starting from the 1980s,the state conducts a comprehensive survey of the historical relics in Tarim region,and gets regional survey results in different categories,reflecting the characteristics of relative comprehensiveness and classification.In the future investigation and arrangement,there is still a lack of successful paradigm for reference in that the investigation and arrangement involve such a large area,large period and multi-civilization historical and cultural relics in Tarim region.Therefore,cooperation with foreign countries in investigation methods and research technology can be done to improve the investigation and research ability.