战后初期美国政府的外交政策与冷战的起源

American Foreign Policy in the Early Postwar Period and the Origins of the Cold War

冷战的起源是战后国际关系史研究中的重要课题,也是学界争论较多的问题之一。一些美国学者将冷战起源的责任归因于苏联,对第二次世界大战后期和战后初期苏联的外交政策多持批评立场。还有一部分学者认为美苏领导人当时都并不想进行冷战,而是战后国际环境使然。事实上,战后初期美国政府外交政策的进攻性和扩张性,导致了美苏战时同盟关系的瓦解。美国政府无疑应对冷战的发生承担最主要的责任。

The origins of the Cold War,an important topic in the study of the postwar history of international relations,has raised unending debates among historians for decades.Some American scholars blamed the Soviet Union for the origins of the Cold War,and criticized the Soviet Union foreign policy in the late World War II and early postwar period.Some scholars argued that neither the United States nor the Soviet Union leaders wanted the Cold War at that time,however,postwar international situation made it happen.In fact,the offensive and expansive foreign policy of the United States in early postwar times led to the collapse of the wartime alliance between the United States and Soviet Union.Undoubtedly,the United States government bear the major responsibility for the outbreak of the Cold War.