亚洲开发银行的成立与战后日本亚洲外交

The Mutual Shaping of the Asian Development Bank and Japan sRegional Diplomacy

亚洲开发银行是战后首个主要由日本出资并主导的国际开发机构。战后初期,因国际环境、本国国力的限制,日本的亚洲区域开发构想均告失败。60年代中期,日本借冷战形势的变动及自身经济实力的提高,具备了主导亚洲区域秩序的条件,并作为域外发达国家与亚洲各国之间的“桥梁”,主导成立了亚洲开发银行。通过亚洲开发银行的成立,日本实现了其亚洲外交的阶段性成果,完成了一次自主外交的尝试。但在这一过程中来自亚洲国家的阻力也促使日本反思其亚洲外交政策,进一步加大了对亚洲经济的援助力度,并在后续处理亚洲经济援助与开发问题时注意弱化其政治因素。

The Asian Development Bank(ADB)is the first postwar international institution funded and led primarily by Japan.In the early postwar period,Japan failed in all its Asian regional development attempts.With changes of international situations and improvement of its economic power in mid-1960s,Japan was ready to play a leading role in the regional order.It became a“bridge”between developed countries outside the region and Asian countries.As a result,Japan contributed pivotally to the establishment of the Asian Development Bank,a periodic achievement of Japan s Asian diplomacy at that time.But obstruction from other Asian countries urged Japan to reflect on its Asian diplomacy.Therefore,Japan further increased economic aid to Asia,and tried to weaken political factors in dealing with the Asian development issues.