20世纪80年代以来巴西城市化的转型——从“过度城市化”转向寻求平衡发展

The Transformation of Urbanization in Brazil since 1980s——From “Over Urbanization” to Balanced Development

城市的发展以人为主体,以自然为依托,以经济活动为基础,其发展的侧重点在于提高人居质量,让生活在其中的人们能够尽情享受现代文明的滋润。20世纪80年代以来,为了改变城市发展混乱、无序的状况,解决过度城市化带来的突出问题,巴西政府在城市化发展速度趋缓的情况下,不再急于求成、一味强调发展速度,转而寻求城市的平衡发展,注重生活质量的提升,在就业、减贫、基础卫生设施建设、贫民窟改造、环境治理等方面进行了富有成效的改革和探索,为发展中国家进行城市治理提供了有益的启示。同时,巴西城市发展仍然面临诸多挑战,如何进一步增加就业、减少城市贫困人口、完善低收入群体住房、降低社会不平等、改善社会治安,关系到巴西城市的健康、持续发展。

Urban development is based on human beings,nature and economic activities.Its focus is to improve the quality of human settlements,so that people can enjoy modern civilization.Since 1980s,in order to reduce chaos and disorder of urban development and solve the prominent problems brought about by over urbanization,Brazilian government has begun to seek for balanced urban development,focusing on the improvement of life quality,instead of hasty success and blindly stressed speed of development.Effective reforms and experiments have been taken to increase employment,alleviate poverty,improve infrastructures,upgrade slums and govern environment,which provide enlightenment for urban governance for developing countries.However,Brazil s urban development is still facing many challenges.How to further increase employment,reduce urban poverty,improve housing for low-income groups,reduce social inequality,and improve social security are all related to the healthy and sustainable development of Brazilian cities.