20世纪80年代以来阿根廷的城市化转型与问题治理

Urbanization Transformation and Governance in Argentina since 1980s

20世纪80年代以来,阿根廷城市化进程进入新的转型期。伴随国际与国内经济形势的变化,该时期城市化的主要特点是城市人口主要流动方式由乡村—城市流动向城市间流动转变,同时形成了非正规城市就业率居高不下、贫困率上升、城市空间隔离加深等问题。20世纪90年代新自由主义改革时期的政治经济政策在一定程度上加剧了这些问题。进入21世纪后,对城市问题的整顿受到阿根廷政府的重视,在20年中,政府出台了提高城市社会保障水平、改善城市基础设施等方面的政策,取得了一定成果。但城市化面临的挑战仍很艰巨,推动城市的可持续发展还有待长期且有效的治理。

Argentina has witnessed a transition of urbanization process since 1980s.Along with changes in international and domestic economic situation,the main features of urbanization have shifted from rural-urban mobility to inter-urban mobility.This transition has also led to high employment rates in the informal sector,continuously rising poverty rates,and deepening urban spatial segregation.The political and economic policies during the neoliberal reforms of the 1990s exacerbated these problems.In the 21st century,the Argentine government has given priority to tackling these problems,and has implemented policies to increase urban social security and improve urban infrastructures with some success over the past 20 years.However,the challenges of urbanization remained daunting,and the promotion of sustainable urban development required long-term and effective governance.