水滴在超疏水植物叶片上的沉积方法和机理研究进展

Research Progress in Droplet Deposition on Superhydrophobic Plant Leaves

自然界中有很多超疏水植物叶片,水滴撞击在这些表面时极易产生溅射和反弹,造成农用化学品喷雾施药时药物的大量损失,利用率低下,从而重复喷洒施药.农用化学品过度使用将造成食品安全、农药残留、水资源浪费及环境生态污染等问题.因此,增加水滴在超疏水植物叶片表面的沉积效率对提高农药利用率尤为重要.本文从分析水滴在超疏水表面的撞击动力学特征开始,结合添加助剂后液滴的物理化学性质,系统阐述了水滴在超疏水植物叶片上的沉积方法和机理,并提出筛选助剂和研究机理不仅要考虑助剂性质还要结合基底结构、撞击动力学特征等因素,而且还要考虑单水滴尺寸大小、基底运动和弹性及环境因素等对沉积的影响.本文对农药喷洒及生物医学、机械工程、涂料喷涂和油墨打印等领域均有指导意义和应用价值.

Ubiquitous superhydrophobic plant leaves in nature can easily cause great losses for impinging agrochemical droplets via bouncing and splashing.So,increasing the efficiency of droplet deposition is crucially significant to improve pesticide utilization.Based on the progress scientists have made on enhancing droplet deposition,this paper starts from the analysis of the impact kinetic characteristics of water droplets on the superhydrophobic surface,takes the physical and chemical properties of the droplets after the additives into consideration,systematically summarizes the method and mechanism of the deposition of water droplets on the leaves of superhydrophobic plants.In addition,we conclude that screening additives and exploring mechanisms should consider not only the properties of the additives but also the substrate structure and impact dynamics characteristics.Finally,we propose that future research should focus on the influence of single droplet size,substrate motion and elasticity,and environmental factors on deposition.This work plays significant role not only in pesticide spraying but also in many other fields such as biomedicine,mechanical engineering,coating spraying,ink printing and so on.