白石水库浮游动物群落结构及鱼产力研究

Study on zooplankton community structure and fish productivity of Baishi Reservoir

本研究采用野外生态学方法,于2013年8月至2014年7月对白石水库浮游动物群落结构开展逐月调查,旨在为该水库可持续优水渔业开发利用和水生态安全对策提供依据。结果表明,白石水库浮游动物共检出4类222种,主要类群为轮虫和原生动物,密度为770±446ind./L,生物量为2.65±1.21mg/L,多样性指数为2.87±0.41,均匀度指数为0.49±0.06。4种生物指标均存在季节和水平分布差异,密度季节变化为夏季>冬季>秋季>春季,水平变化为上游>河口>中游>下游;生物量季节变化为秋季>冬季>夏季>春季,水平变化为下游>上游>中游>河口;多样性指数和均匀度指数季节变化均为秋季>春季>冬季>夏季,水平变化均为河口>上游>中游>下游。采用基础饵料法计算的鱼产力达234.3kg/hm^(2),全库鱼产量为70×10^(4)kg,按有效水深计算鱼产力为119×10^(4)kg。白石水库浮游动物群落结构上小型化严重,优势种多为富营养化种类,夏季多样性最低,水体处于中度富营养型,其中河口及上游应重点关注,此外鱼产力具有一定的提升空间。为确保白石水库水质安全,我们建议采用优水渔业控制氮磷、生态修复和定期检测相结合的方法进行进一步深入研究。

Using the method of filed ecology,this study conducted a monthly investigation on the community structure of zooplankton in Baishi Reservoir from August 2013 to July 2014,in order to provide a basis for the development and utilization of sustainable fishery and water ecological security in Baishi Reservoir.A total of 222 species of zooplankton of 4 categories were detected in the reservoir.The main groups were rotifers and protozoa,with the density of 770±446ind./L,the biomass of 2.65±1.21mg/L,the diversity index of 2.87±0.41,and the evenness index of 0.49±0.06.The results show differences in seasonal and horizontal distribution of the four biological indexes.The seasonal variation of density is summer>winter>autumn>spring,of which the horizontal change is upstream>estuary>midstream>downstream;the seasonal variation of biomass is autumn>winter>summer>spring,of which the horizontal change is downstream>upstream>midstream>estuary;the seasonal variation of diversity index and evenness index is autumn>spring>winter,of which the horizontal variation was estuarine>upstream>midstream>downstream.The fish productivity calculated by the basic feed method is 234.3kg/hm^(2),and the fish yield of the whole reservoir was 0.70×10^(6)kg.according to the effective water depth,the fish field is 119×10^(4)kg.The community structure of zooplankton in Baishi Reservoir is seriously miniaturized,and most of the dominant species are eutrophic species.The diversity of zooplankton is the lowest in summer and the water body is in moderate eutrophication.The estuarine and upstream sections should be paid more attention to.In addition,there is a certain space for improvement of fish productivity.In order to ensure the water quality safety of the reservoir,the study suggests that the methods of controlling nitrogen and phosphorus,ecological restoration and regular detection should be adopted for further study.