禽流感病毒感染鸽的流行病学与致病机理研究进展

The Development of Epidemiology and Pathogenic Mechanism of Avian Influenza Virus in Pigeons

禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)不仅严重危害禽类,而且对人类生命健康造成严重威胁。鸽作为留鸟,具有作为AIV从野生鸟类传播至人类中间宿主的潜能。鸽对AIV的易感性以及在病毒传播中的作用却存在争议。通过分析AIV自然感染、人工感染鸽的流行病学以及实验研究数据,同时回顾了禽流感病毒感染鸽的机制,发现随着病毒的进化和时间的推移,鸽群AIV的感染率也在递增;尤其随着近年具有双受体结合特性的高致病性禽流感病毒(highly pathogenic avian influenza virus,HPAIV)clade2.3.4.4分支H5Nx毒株的出现,其感染鸽后排毒量上升以及鸽体间直接接触传播能力增强。为了有效防控AIV的跨种间传播,有必要加强对鸽感染AIV的流行病学监测和传播特性的研究,特别需要密切关注具双受体结合特性的H5Nx和H7N9 HPAIV对鸽易感性的发展趋势。

Avian influenza virus(AIV)is a serious threat not only to poultry but also to humans.As resident bird,pigeons have the potential to spread AIVs from wild birds to humans.The susceptibility to pigeons to AIVs and their role in virus transmission has been controversial for a long time.By analyzing the data of AIVs natural infection,artificial challenge and reviewed the mechanism of AIVs infecting pigeons,we found that the rate of pigeons positive for AIVs is also increasing with virus evolution.Especially with the emergence of the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(HPAIV)clade2.3.4.4 H5Nx strains with dual receptor binding properties in recent years.Some researchers have found that pigeons tend to exhibit increased viral shedding and transmission after being infected with clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx virus.In order to effectively prevent the cross-species transmission of AIVs,it is necessary to strengthen the epidemiological surveillance and transmission characteristics of AIVs in pigeons,especially H5Nx and H7N9 which were can bind to both avian-type and human-type receptors.