分析哲学如何走向外在主义?--维特根斯坦意识理论及其后现代意义

How Does Analytic Philosophy Move Towards Externalism?--Wittgenstein’s Consciousness Theory and Its Postmodern Significance

外在主义通常被认为是认知科学和现象学“彻底逆转”后的走向与发展成果。然而文章认为,外在主义在分析哲学中有其存在论基础与根源,尤其在维特根斯坦的哲学叙述中表现得最为明显。维特根斯坦通过语词符号的形而上学研究介入对预期、意义、信仰等内在意识状态或过程之具体概念的逻辑分析中,并与此同时对传统的内部意识模型进行了彻底的消解与批判。从其整个分析哲学的发展历程来看,外在主义思想发微、凸显于前期维特根斯坦向后期维特根斯坦转变的过程中。在分析哲学这种走向的影响下,外在主义思想成为未来哲学理论研究的生长点和出发点,揭示并体现了维特根斯坦哲学“理论维度丰富性”和“历史影响广泛性”的后现代意义。

Externalism is generally regarded as the trend and development achievement of cognitive science and phenomenology after“complete reversal”.However,this paper holds that externalism has its ontological basis and root in analytic philosophy,especially in Wittgenstein’s philosophical narration.Wittgenstein intervenes in the logical analysis of the concrete concept of internal consciousness state or process through the metaphysical study of words and symbols,and at the same time thoroughly dispels and criticizes the traditional internal consciousness model.From the whole development process of his analytical philosophy,externalism emerged and became prominent in the transformation process from early Wittgenstein to late Wittgenstein.Under the influence of this trend of analytical philosophy,externalism has become the growing point and starting point of future philosophical theoretical research,revealing and embodying the postmodern significance of“richness of theoretical dimensions”and“extensiveness of historical influence”in Wittgenstein’s philosophy.