6型嗜肺军团菌肺炎并发肺脓肿一例并文献复习

Severe cavitary pneumonia caused by Legionella pneumophila serotype 6: a case report and literature review

目的分析军团菌引起肺脓肿/空洞的临床特征,探讨其诊治方法。方法回顾分析宁德师范学院附属宁德市医院1例6型嗜肺军团菌重症肺炎并发肺脓肿的临床资料,以"军团菌,脓肿或空洞"为中文关键词分别检索中国知网数据库、维普数据库、万方数据库,以"Legionella,Pulmonary Abscess/Cavity"为英文关键词检索PubMed、Ovid数据库的相关英文文献,检索时间为1990年1月至2019年6月,对军团菌引起肺脓肿或空洞的病例资料进行分析。结果患者男性,60岁,因"发热、咳嗽、咳痰5 d"入院,查体:体温38.3℃,左肺闻及少量湿罗音,支气管镜下呼吸道吸引物培养出嗜肺军团菌,血清型6型,胸部CT示左肺实变伴左上肺脓肿,经莫西沙星、阿奇霉素等抗军团菌治疗3个月,患者好转出院。文献复习共获得具有较完整临床资料的关于军团菌并发肺脓肿或空洞文献15篇,其中中文1篇,英文14篇,加上本例,共19例军团菌感染并发肺脓肿或肺空洞,男15例,女4例,年龄4个月-73岁,有基础疾病14例,初始抗感染失败15例,联合抗感染7例,抗感染疗程3-49周,死亡1例。结论表现为肺脓肿或空洞的军团菌肺炎临床少见,常表现为发热,肺部影像学早期均有浸润影,早期可无空洞或脓肿形成,患者多合并有基础病,重症患者需联合抗感染,疗程长。

Objective To analyze the clinical features of Legionella-associated cavitary pneumonia, and to explore the diagnosis, treatment planning, and clinical management of patients. Methods The data of a patient with severe Legionella-associated cavitary pneumonia were collected and analyzed. Databases including PubMed, Ovid, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for pertinent literatures, using the keyword "Legionella,lung abscess or cavitary pneumonia" in Chinese and English from Jan. 1990 to Jun. 2019. The related literature was reviewed. Results A 60-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital because of fever, cough, and expectoration for five days. On presentation, his temperature was 38.3 °C, and pulmonary auscultation revealed rales on the left side of the lungs. Culture of lower airway secretions obtained by bronchoscopy revealed Legionella pneumophila infection, and serotype 6. Chest computerized tomography showed a consolidation in the left lung and an abscess in the left upper lobe.The patient was discharged from the hospital after three months of anti-Legionella treatment(Mosfloxacin, Azithromycin,etc.). Fifteen manuscripts, including 18 cases, were retrieved from databases. With the addition of our case, a total of 19 cases were analyzed in detail. There were 15 males and four females, aged from 4 months to 73 years old. Most of them(14/19, 73.7%) were accompanied by multiple underlying diseases. Initial empiric antimicrobial therapy failed in 15(78.9%) cases, and 7(36.8%) patients required combination therapy. The courses of antimicrobial treatment were from3 to 49 weeks. All except one patient were fully recovered and discharged from hospital. Conclusions Legionella pneumonia with pulmonary abscess or cavity is rare and often presents with fever. Pulmonary imaging shows infiltration in the initial, but can be free of cavities or abscesses. Most patients have basic diseases. Severe patients often need to be treated in combination with antibiotics for long periods of time.