从叔本华哲学二重性看王国维美学思想的理论演进--从《红楼梦评论》到《人间词话》

Viewing the Theoretical Evolution of Wang Guowei's Aesthetic Thought from the Duality of Schopenhauer's Philosophy--From Comments on A Dream of Red Mansions to Jen-Chien TZ'u-hua

以其不同凡响的代表作《红楼梦评论》与《人间词话》的推出,王国维堪称中国现代美学的创始者和奠基人。这一点之所以成为可能,离不开王国维对叔本华哲学的借鉴以及随之开出的中西哲学之贯通。然而,在认识到叔本华哲学成为王氏思想的他山之石的同时,人们往往忽视了叔本华哲学自身内含的二重性,也即经验论意义上的叔本华哲学与现象学意义上的叔本华哲学这一二重性。其实,唯有了解到这种二重性,我们才能真正领悟王氏美学思想的极其丰富性和不断变化的理论演进,以及这种演进是如何从一种对西方哲学的单向吸收到中西双向互补的过程。

With the publication of his extraordinary masterpieces Comments on A Dream of Red Mansions and Jen-Chien TZ’u-hua, Wang Guowei can be considered the initiator and founder of modern Chinese aesthetics. This is possible because of Wang Guowei’s reference to Schopenhauer’s philosophy and the subsequent integration of Chinese and Western philosophy. However, while recognizing that Schopenhauer’s philosophy has become the instrument of Wang’s thought, people often neglect the duality of Schopenhauer’s philosophy in its own right, that is, the significance of Schopenhauer’s philosophy in the sense of empiricism and phenomenology. In fact, only by understanding this duality can we truly comprehend the extremely richness of Wang’s aesthetic thoughts and the ever-changing theoretical evolution, and how this evolution is a kind of process from unidirectional absorption of Western philosophy to the bidirectional complementation of Chinese and Western philosophy.