论作为新型治理工具的信用规制

On Credit Regulation as a New Governance Tool

在信息时代,我国将信用规制作为新型治理工具是两个方面的力量相互作用的结果。一方面,它以社会信用文化、法治思维和信息治理经验为基础动力;另一方面,它以扩展政府的治理边界﹑创新政府治理工具、提升政府的治理能力为基本动力。由于信用规制具有规制对象的广泛性,规制过程的系统性、规制取向的多维性和规制影响的持续性等,而且“黑名单”可以在相关领域否定失信主体行为的合理性和合法性,甚至限制行动自由,所以它是一种严厉的,深层次的规制。信用规制的有效性受信用信息的质量﹑信用规制主体的能力﹑信用规制过程中的合作效果等因素的影响,所以,只有信用“善评”才能保护和激励守信者,有效惩戒失信者,否则就会导致信用规制泛化和扩大化。

In the information era, credit regulation, as a new governance tool in China, is the interactive result of two forces. On the one hand, it is driven by social credit culture, rule-of-law thinking and the experience of the information governance. On the other hand, it is driven by expanding government power, innovating public governance tools, and improving the governance capacity. Credit regulation is a severe and profound regulation because it has the following characteristics: the universality of regulatory object, the systematic nature of regulatory process, the multi-dimensional regulatory orientation and the sustainability of regulatory impact. The blacklist can deny the rationality and legality of behavior in relevant fields, or even restrict the freedom of movement. The effectiveness of credit regulation is affected by the quality of credit information, the ability of subjects of regulation, the cooperative effect in the process of regulation. Therefore, only good credit regulation can protect and motivate the credible subjects, and effectively punish the defaulters;otherwise it will lead to the generalization and expansion of credit regulation.