我国民生政策制定中公民参与协商模式探究

On the Mode of Deliberative Democracy for Citizen Participation in Policy-making Involving People’s Livelihood

民生政策制定中公民参与协商关涉公民切身利益、党的执政根基、重大决策风险﹑核心价值融合与社会稳定等,公民参与协商愿意强。其协商状况最易于体现社会主义协商民主制度的优劣真伪。优化民生政策制定中公民参与协商模式是深入推进我国协商民主制度建设的重要任务,意义重大深远。我国民生政策制定中公民参与协商模式主要存在“决策型,动员型与咨询型”三种内生模式、“建议型、压力型”两种外生模式与融合型模式;内生型是我国的特色与优势,融合型是一种典型的基层公共协商模式,外压型易于滋生不稳定因素,但它是我国协商民主制度建设中不可或缺的有效协商模式。中国特色的民生政策制定中公民参与协商模式长效系统运行机制,能不断优化各种模式,实现内生型模式与外生型模式有效对接,有效遏制外生建议型向外生压力型的恶性转化,能不断增强内生型模式的开放性与包容性。

Citizen participation in deliberative democracy in the policy-making process involving people’s livelihood concerns the vital interests of citizens, the Party’s ruling foundation, major decision-making risks, integration of core values, and social stability. Citizens show a strong willing to participate in the process. The status of this participation can best reflect the authenticity and quality of the socialist deliberative democratic system. Optimizing the mode of citizen participation in the formulation of policies involving people’s livelihood is an important task of further promoting the building of China’s deliberative democracy system, which is of great and far-reaching significance. There are mainly three endogenous modes for such kind of citizen participation: "decision-making, mobilization and consultation", as well as two exogenous and integrated modes: "recommendation and pressure". The endogenous modes show features and advantages of the Chinese practice. The integrated mode is a typical grassroots public consultation mode. The endogenous "pressure: type is easy to cause unstable factors, but it is an indispensable and effective consultation mode in the building of China’s deliberative democracy system. The long-term system operation mechanism of the citizen participation in decision-making involving people’s livelihood with Chinese characteristics can continuously optimize various modes, realize the effective connection between the endogenous and exogenous modes, and effectively curb the viciousness turn of exogenous recommendation towards exogenous pressure. It can also continuously enhance the openness and tolerance of the endogenous mode.