中国教育代际流动与收入不平等:基于性别差异视角

Intergenerational Mobility of Education and Income Inequality in China:Gender Dimension

采用中国家庭追踪调查2016年数据库,基于性别维度专注教育代际流动对收入不平等的影响。在教育代际流动理论和机会不平等理论的基础上,分别探讨中国教育代际流动和收入不平等的性别差异及其随年龄变化趋势,并对两者之间的潜在联系进行探索。研究得出,教育代际流动的性别差异随家庭教育背景不同而变化,收入性别不平等的变化趋势也受教育代际流动因素的影响而区别于不同家庭教育背景,但整体随年龄的减小而呈现倒“V”型,逐渐实现平等化趋势。但是,低等教育家庭收入机会不平等的性别差异最为严重,且受教育代际流动差异的增大而保持在高度不平等水平。

Based on the 2016 database of China Household Tracking Survey(CFPS),this paper focuses on the impact of intergenerational mobility of education on income inequality from gender dimension.By using the theory of intergenerational mobility of education and opportunity inequality,this paper respectively explores gender differ⁃ences in intergenerational mobility of education and income inequality in China and their changing trends with age,as well as the potential relationship between them.This study shows that gender differences in intergenerational mo⁃bility of education vary with family education backgrounds,and the changing trend of income gender inequality is al⁃so affected by intergenerational mobility of education,differs from that of different family education backgrounds,and as a whole,it presents an inverted“V”type with the decrease of age,and gradually realizes its trend of equal⁃ity.However,gender differences in income opportunity inequality of families with low education are the most seri⁃ous,and remain at a high level of inequality with the increase of differences in intergenerational mobility of educa⁃tion.