2015年中国18〜60岁成人锌营养状况

Zinc status of 18-60 year-old adults in China in 2015

目的了解中国18~60岁成人血清锌水平、锌缺乏状况的分布及影响因素。方法基于"2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测"数据资料,采用分层随机抽样方法选取3903人份血样品,利用电感耦合等离子质谱分析血清锌在不同性别、年龄、地区类型、地域成人中的分布情况,以及体质指数、运动、吸烟、饮酒、维生素A水平等因素对血清锌浓度及锌缺乏率的影响。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析锌的缺乏与各影响因素间的关联性。结果 2015年中国18~60岁成人血清锌中位数为103.44(95%CI 64.84~186.12)μg/dL,总体锌的缺乏率为6.04%。血清锌水平在不同性别、地区类型、地域分布、维生素A状况、吸烟状态、饮酒状态上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在锌缺乏率的比较中,少数民族(10.67%)高于汉族(5.44%),农村(7.35%)高于城市(4.90%),维生素A缺乏者(9.12%)高于正常者(5.90%),非运动人群(6.29%)高于运动人群(5.09%),西部地区最高(7.33%),不同体质指数者中超重者最低(4.81%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在相关因素分析时,维生素A缺乏者发生锌缺乏的风险是正常者的1.89倍(95%CI 1.13~3.18),超重人群发生锌缺乏的风险是正常人群的0.71倍(95%CI 0.52~0.96)。结论 2015年中国18~60岁成人血清锌缺乏处于较低风险。维生素A缺乏是锌缺乏的危险因素,但超重是锌缺乏的保护因素。

OBJECTIVE To estimate the distribution of serum zinc levels,zinc deficiency status and possible influencing factors in 18-60 year-old adults in China.METHODS Based on the data of China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance,3903 blood samples were selected by stratified random sampling.The distribution of serum zinc in adults with different gender,age,regional type and regional distribution were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and body mass index(BMI),exercise,sm oking,drinking,vitamin A level and other factors on serum zinc concentration and zinc deficiency rate.Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between zinc deficiency and the influencing factors.RESULTS In 2015,the median of serum zinc in Chinese adults aged 18-60 years was 103.44(95%CI 64.84-186.12)μg/dL,and the overall zinc deficiency rate was 6.04%.Serum zinc concentration had statistically significant difference(P<0.05)in different genders,regional types,regional distribution,vitamin Astatus,smoking status,drinking status.In the comparison of zinc deficiency rates,ethnic minorities(10.67%)was higher than Han(5.44%),rural area(7.35%)was higher than urban area(4.90%),vitamin A deficiency group(9.12%)was higher than vitamin A normal group(5.90%),nonexercise group(6.29%)was higher than sports group(5.09%).Among different regional distributions,the western region had the highest zinc deficiency rate(7.33%),and among different BMI groups overweight group had the lowest rate(4.81%).These differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).In the analysis of multivariate logistic regression,the risk of zinc deficiency in the vitamin A deficiency group was 1.89 higher than that of the normal group(OR=1.89,95%CI 1.13-3.18);and the overweight group had a lower risk of serum zinc deficiency than the normal group(OR=0.71,95%CI 0.52-0.96).CONCLUSION The prevalence of serum zinc deficiency among adults aged 18-60 in China is relatively low.Vitamin A deficiency is a risk factor for zinc deficiency and overweight is a protective factor for zinc deficiency.