汽油发动机气缸垫失效原因分析及设计预防研究

Failure Analysis and Design Prevention of Cylinder Head Gasket of Gasoline Engine

发动机气缸垫失效会引起整个发动机报废的严重后果,其原因主要是气缸垫设计不合理、发动机缸盖和缸体局部变形量过大、发动机缸盖螺栓夹紧力大小及其分布不合理、缸盖螺栓拧紧工艺不合理和缸体缸盖表面质量等几个方面。本文针对以上方面做了充分的阐述。利用科学的模拟分析方法指导气缸垫密封凸筋的分布与设计,通过计算得到合理的螺栓夹紧力,选择适当拧紧工艺,利用密封看板100%检测缸体和缸盖的结合面表面质量,通过这些措施降低和均匀缸盖各区域形变量,确保气缸垫在发动机完整生命周期内起到良好的密封作用。

The failure of cylinder head gasket(CHG)will cause the result in the scrap of engine.The main cause of the failure including:unreasonable design of CHG,Partial over⁃heat of cylinder head and cylinder block,unreasonable of the cylinder head bolt clamping force and its distribution,and also its tighten strategy,bad quality of surface of the cylinder head and block.This paper introduced each as⁃pect.Using FEA method to design the sealing bead of cylinder head gasket,choosing suitable clamping force and tightening process of head bolt,check the surface of cylinder head and block with seal board.Within those measures to reduce and uniform the head⁃lift of cylinder head,and ensure that the CHG have good sealing effect during the whole life cycle.