依凭介词“矜”的形成与发展

The Formation and Development of Manner Preposition“Jin(矜)”

在语义演变上,“矜”的本义是表示“矛柄”,后转喻为“握持”义动词。在“矜•NP”句法格式中,由于N P语义范域扩大,“矜”由“握持”义虚化为“倚仗”义;再在“矜•N P•V_(2)”中,经“背景—焦点”认知机制进一步虚化出句法层面的“依凭”义,实现“去语义化”。在句法演变上,“矜•N P”扩展为“矜•N P•V_(2)”,经重新分析发展为依凭介词。“矜”语义过于复杂,而且语法化源义与本义距离较远,加之依凭介词系统其他成员过于强大,故其终止介词化。

“Jin(矜)”belongs to the category of Manner preposition.In the aspect of semantic change,the original meaning of“jin(矜)”is the pole of spear,and then it develops into holding verb“wochi(握持)”by metonymy.In the structure of“jin(矜)•NP”,it develops into relying verb“yizhang(倚仗)”due to the semantic extension of its object.The relying verb bleaches to form the structure meaning of“yiping(依凭)”by Figure-Ground Cognitive Theory to achieve semantic bleaching based on the structure of“jin(矜)•NP•V_(2)”.In the aspect of syntactic evolvement,“jin(矜)•NP”extends to“jin(矜)•NP•V_(2)”and then it develops into manner preposition by reanalysis.The grammaticalization process of“jin(矜)”lagged because of its complex meaning,the long distance of its original meaning and its grammaticalization source meaning,and the fierce competition with its strong family members.