论张载的“法象”理论与中医

Discussion on ZHANG Zai’s theory of ’Fa Xiang’ and traditional Chinese medicine

张载对《周易》“法象”学说有所发展,首先,明确指出“法象”普遍存在,即“盈天地之间者,法象而已”。言“法象”而非仅以“象”来指称,旨在强调对天地自然的效法与摹拟,此“象”既是一种形象,有其图画性特色,更是一种对天地自然之“象”的仿效。这种说法,将天地万物联系了起来。其次,提出了“法象”普遍存在的物质基础为天下一气:气聚为象,所有的象都是气,万物由气形成。这一基础为“法象”的普遍存在提供了物质条件。而张载的这种认识,正与《黄帝内经》理论一致。

ZHANG Zai developed the theory of ’Fa Xiang’ in Zhouyi. First of all, it clearly points out that ’Fa Xiang’ is universal, that is, ’the one between heaven and earth, Fa Xiang’. As far as ’Fa Xiang’ is concerned, rather than merely referring to ’Xiang’, it aims to emphasize the imitation of the nature of heaven and earth, this ’Xiang’ is not only a kind of pictorial characteristics image, but also an imitation of the ’Xiang’ of heaven and earth. This kind of saying connects all things in the world. Secondly, it puts forward that the material basis of the universal existence of ’Fa Xiang’ is one qi in the world: qi gathers into the image, all the images are qi, and all things are formed by qi. This foundation provides the material conditions for the universal existence of ’Fa Xiang’. ZHANG Zai’s understanding is consistent with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine based on Huangdi Neijing.