拔罐疗法在欧洲的发展

Development of cupping therapy in Europe

拔罐疗法作为最古老医疗方法之一,其起源可以追溯到原始人时期;欧洲学者普遍认为这一疗法发源于中东美索不达米亚文明,并由埃及人最早将其推广到希腊和罗马;拔罐疗法早期主要用于虫兽咬伤引起的炎症、痛症以及肌肉骨骼疾病,并随发展逐渐应用到慢性病、妇科疾病及重大疾病康复中;使用的罐具、具体操作方法、注意事项也在这一过程中不断被充实;操作者也由医生、外科理发师(Barber surgeon)发展到专门人员;操作方法则主要根据是否划破皮肤及放出"体液"分为"干罐"和"湿罐"两种;尽管近代拔罐疗法在一些欧州国家曾一度消禁,但在俄罗斯及波兰等国一直沿用至今,尤其是在运动医学中;随着临床与机制研究的不断开展,这一古老的疗法又重新回归临床。

As one of the oldest medical interventions,cupping therapy can be traced back to the primitive period.European scholars generally believe that the practice originated in Mesopotamia in the Middle-East and was first popularized by the Egyptians to Greece and Rome.In early stage,cupping therapy was mainly used for inflammation,pain and musculoskeletal diseases caused by insect bites,and gradually applied to the rehabilitation of chronic diseases,gynecological diseases and major diseases as it developed.Instrument,specific operation methods,warnings are also constantly enriched in this process.The operators were also developed from doctors and’Barber surgeon’to specialized personnel.And its operation method is divided into’dry cupping’and’wet cupping’according to whether the skin is cut and the’body fluid’is released.Although cupping therapy was once banned in some European countries,it is still used in Russia and Poland,especially in sports medicine.With researches of clinical and mechanism carried out,this ancient therapy has returned to clinical practice again.