重塑记忆:在个体与集体之间建构过去

Re-framing Memory:Between Individual and Collective Forms of Constructing the Past

阿莱达·阿斯曼从本体论和形而上学角度批判了对“集体记忆”的误解,并通过系统解读进一步指出,哈布瓦赫的“集体记忆”是借助“社会框架”的概念把个体记忆提升到社会集体层面的结果,这是继传统史学和意识形态话语体系之后又一全新的记忆研究范式,为我们研究和分析过去提供了一种全新的理论视角。为了克服“集体记忆”概念自身的模糊性和歧义,根据记忆所涉及的不同载体、媒介和时间长度等,阿莱达·阿斯曼区分了记忆的四种维度(模式):个体记忆、社会记忆、政治记忆和文化记忆,分析了记忆建构过程中不同维度之间的互动和转变,并以德国的战后记忆为例,分析了在大屠杀罪恶的主导性记忆框架下德国作为受难者的记忆如何在个体与集体之间得到重塑。

Aleida Assmann criticizes those misunderstandings around the term″collective memory″from the perspective of ontology and metaphysics and she argues that Maurice Halbwachs defined collective memory in terms of individual participation in social frames,which makes it another new memory research paradigm following traditional historiography and the discourse of ideology and provides a new theoretical perspective for us to study and analyze the past.To clear the ambiguity of the term,she also distinguishes four different memory dimensions(formats):individual memory,social memory,political memory and cultural memory,based on the carriers and media involved as well as the extension in time and analyzes the interactions and transformations between these four dimensions when re-framing the past memory.Finally,taking the post-war memory of German as example,she presents how the memories of suffering are reconstructed between individual and collective forms with German national memory being defined in terms of German guilt.