创伤历史、文学的命运与跨文化记忆:文学记忆与媒介记忆研究的新方向

Traumatic Pasts,Literary Afterlives and Transcultural Memory:New Directions of Literary and Media Memory Studies

近年来,文化记忆作为一种新的跨学科的理论视角,将文学、媒介研究与社会学、历史学等多学科联系在一起,形成了诸多颇有活力的研究议题。首先是创伤历史的媒介表征问题,它将记忆研究指向大屠杀研究以及战争和暴力的文化史研究,个体创伤和文化创伤的逻辑关系、表征记忆的叙事和其他审美形式以及文学和电影的社会功能等是这一研究领域要应答的核心问题;其次是对文学“命运”的研究,即从社会、媒介和文本叙事的角度对文学故事和文学模式的“社会生命”进行历时的考察;最后是对跨国记忆与跨文化记忆的研究,它表明“跨文化”是记忆固有的一种属性,是我们在研究记忆的共时表征(如“创伤历史”的表征)和记忆的历时传承(如文学的“命运”)时必然要采取的一种研究视角。

In recent years,cultural memory,as an interdisciplinary theoretical perspective,has linked literary and media studies closely to other disciplines such as sociology and history and formed many dynamic research topics.The first topic is about the representation of″traumatic pasts″in media,which links memory research to Holocaust studies and the cultural history of war and violence.The logic of individual and cultural trauma,narrative and other aesthetic forms used to represent memory,and the social functions of literature and film are some of the central questions memory studies has to deal with in this area of research.The second topic is about the″afterlives″of literature,which addresses the″social life″of literary stories and patterns across long periods of time from social,medial and textual viewpoints.The third topic revolves around transnational and transcultural memory which shows that″transcultural″is an inherent property of memory and thus is a research perspective that can be in principle chosen with a view to both the synchronic circulation of representations(e.g.of″traumatic pasts″)and the diachronic dimension of memory(e.g.the″afterlives″of literature).