监管与放任:美国网络中立制度的立与废——新自由主义视角之下美国网络监管制度研究

Regulation or Laissez-faire:A Research on U.S.Internet Neutrality from the Neoliberal Capitalism Perspective

互联网监管与放任之间的冲突不仅在美国,在其他国家也是一个重要问题。网络中立在2018年6月被撤销,这是美国网络监管制度的重大变化,标志着从政府监管开始走向市场放任。通过立与废的四维度解读发现,网络管制的放任政策深受新自由主义政治经济思想在美国回潮的左右,在新自由主义逻辑之下,关于新闻中立管制的无法可依、监管对互联网市场投资创新发展的阻碍以及对服务提供商利益的削减,都成为抵制监管的借口,导致以网络中立为核心的互联网监管制度在美国走向末路。如何找到网络自由发展与监管之间、公共利益与市场利益之间的平衡点,是一个需要长期探索的过程,网络中立在美国的遭遇,证明了大卫·哈维所说的,比起新自由主义所允许的治理体系,还有更为有价值的治理体系有待我们去建立。

Internet regulation is a serious problem not only in U.S.but also in other country.The case that net neutrality was revoked in 2018 is a tremendous change in American internet regulation which could be seen as a sign that U.S.regulation has been turning to laissez-faire.This article,based on four-dimensional analysis,argues that this trend is deeply influenced by neoliberal capitalism.With this logic,those arguments about net neutrality′s illegality/the impediment on internet market′s investment-driven development and the cut of service provider′s interest by the regulation were nothing but excuses,which resulted in the death of internet regulation in U.S.It must be a long way to go to balance net free development with censorship,public interest with market interest.The experience of net neutrality proved what David Harvey said that there is a far worthier system of governance to be constructed than that which neoconservatism allows.