类器官在肿瘤中的研究现状及应用前景

Research status and application prospect of organoid in tumor research

类器官是由正常组织或肿瘤的特异性干细胞,在体外三维培养条件下,形成的三维体外细胞结构,具有自我组织形成类似于原始组织的"微型器官"的能力,能够较好地概括来源组织的特征和细胞异质性。类器官作为肿瘤研究的临床前模型,可用于药物筛选,预测患者对治疗的反应,为患者选择最合适的治疗方案。此外,还可对其进行基因修饰,用于肿瘤的发生发展和转移机制的研究。类器官这一新颖的构建技术,能够为个性化医疗提供指导,具有广泛的应用前景。本文就类器官在肿瘤发生发展的机制研究、药物筛选和临床治疗中的作用以及其在肿瘤微环境中的应用进行综述。

Organoid is a three-dimensional in vitro cell structure formed by normal or tumor specific stem cells under the condition of three-dimensional culture.It has the ability of self-renewal and self-organization to form"micro-organs"similar to the original tissue,which can well recapitulate the characteristics and cell heterogeneity of the source tissue.As a preclinical model for tumor research,organoid can be used for drug screening,predicting patients'response to treatment,and selecting the most appropriate treatment for patients.In addition,it can also be modified to study the mechanism of tumor development and metastasis.As a novel technique,organoid can provide guidance for personalized medicine and has a broad application prospect.In this review,the mechanism of organoid in tumor development,the role of drug screening and clinical treatment,and the application of organoid in tumor microenvironment are briefly reviewed.