油田原油破乳剂的作用机理及应用

Action Mechanism and Application of Demulsifier for Crude Oil in Oilfield

原油作为我国重要的战略物资,因而其开采备受社会所瞩目。原油在天然表面活性剂的作用下会与水形成稳定的乳化液,这对于原油的提炼开采构成一定的影响,乳状液稳定性越强,破乳难度越大,原油开采提炼难度越大。由此各种原油乳状液破乳技术不断被研究开发并投入到实践应用。对此,从原油破乳剂的作用机理、影响乳状液稳定影响因素等方面进行分析,对原油破乳剂的主要类型、应用特定和研究进展现状进行阐述,归纳总结当前原油破乳剂的研究进展。

As an important strategic material in China,the exploitation of crude oil has attracted the attention of the society.Crude oil will form stable emulsion with water under the action of natural surfactant,which will have a certain impact on the extraction of crude oil.In short,the stronger the stability of emulsion is,the more difficult it is to demulsify,and the more difficult it is to extract crude oil.Therefore,various demulsification technologies of crude oil emulsion have been developed and put into practice.In this paper,the mechanism of crude oil demulsifier,influencing factors of emulsion stability and other aspects are analyzed,the main types of crude oil demulsifier,specific application and research progress are described,and the current research trend of crude oil demulsifier is summarized,so as to provide useful reference for related scientific research.